Coral Reefs The Rainforests of the Sea - 981 Words

The Rainforests of the Sea Coral reefs are one of the most diverse habitats in the world today and it this diversity that makes them so important to the overall health of the oceans and thus the overall health of the oceans as a whole. Coral reefs take up only a very small percentage of the entire surface of the oceans surface. However, despite this, they provide a home to about one-quarter of all of the species that live in the oceans. (Mulhall, 2007, p. 321). Among the other life forms that live in the worlds coral reefs are fish, worms, echinoderms (such as sea urchins), sponges, and the evolutionary ancient classes of tunicates and cnidarians. One of the most striking aspects of the diversity of coral reefs is that they can exist (and support this florescence of life) in places where few other animals can flourish: Cold and deep waters (Smithers Woodroffe, 2000, p. 4). However, most corals live in tropical waters; it is on these types of corals that this paper focuses, looking in particular at the reef fi shes that make their homes in the worlds coral reefs. A very wide range of fish lives in coral reefs. These fish include both those who live entirely within the reefs and those that move in and out of the reefs periphery. Both types of fish eat smaller animals that also live in the reef or small plants that habitat the reef including seaweed and algae. The fish that live in coral reefs are often very brightly colored, a fact that allows that allows them to blendShow MoreRelatedCoral Reefs: The Rainforests of the Sea1062 Words   |  5 PagesCorals the rainforests of the sea. Corals’ and rainforests are very important to the world because they have a very important function. Carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the carbon dioxide then forms a week acid called carbonic acid this acid in it called carbonic iron, which stays in the carbon carbonate. This acid cannot make limestone but dose dissolve in ready-formed limestone and the reefs need it to produce limestone. Rainforests give out oxygen. Corals are like rainforest in the se a withRead MoreSaving the Coral Reefs662 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction to Coral Reefs: Coral reefs along our coasts are the richest habitats on the planet and are homes to countless animal species. There are at least hundreds of marine species in the reef. Coral reefs take a long time to grow. They grow at a rate up to 2 cm per year. Corals grow in different shapes depending on their type of class. Some might resemble brains, trees, honeycombs and others. Coral reefs are important because they protect the shore from storms, and provide medicines, andRead MoreCoral Reefs : A Study From National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration923 Words   |  4 Pagesbeautiful, diverse, colorful reef that adds beauty to the ocean and to the fishes. Others see a peaceful bed for the oceans floor. Creature on the other hand see a shelter, and protection from people or bigger animals that lurk for their pray. Coral reefs aren’t made for its scenery, but as an ecosystem for many plants and animals. They do not only help the animals but serve to people as important sources of income, food, protection, and new medicines of mankind. Coral reefs are less than 1 percent ofRead MoreCoral Reefs Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesCoral reefs are very diverse ecosystems. They are â€Å"the rainforest of the sea†. Coral reefs can be very big or very small. The Great Barrier Reef (Australia) is 1,600 miles long and 40 miles wide. They are very import ant for our ocean, they provide food and home for many of the fish in the ocean. For some fish, coral reefs are the only viable food source or shelter they have. Coral reefs are very important. Coral reefs are made by individual coral that join together to form a coral colony. EachRead More The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageson the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, formingRead MoreEssay on Rainforests of the Ocean942 Words   |  4 PagesRainforests of the Ocean Coral reefs are large societies of small living organisms. They are made up of millions of various creatures including fish, starfish, sea urchins, and so much more. Despite the fact that coral reefs make up fewer than one percentage of the Earth’s surface, coral reefs are still one of the greatest diversified ecosystems in the world due to the creatures that live in and around the reefs. Coral reefs are located in shallow, warm waters in the tropics around the Bahamas,Read MoreSalt Water Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdissolved salts, known as saline water or seawater, water from oceans or seas. It is a home to varieties of aquatic animals, for example, fishes and snails. Some of these animals find it difficult to live in fresh water. If salt water animals go to live in fresh water they can not adapt the environment led to die to them. This essay aims to discuss the importance of salt water and the sub- types namely ocean, sea, and coral reefs. It will also show pictures whe re it is found and the aquariums that areRead MoreCoral Reefs : The Ecosystem860 Words   |  4 PagesCoral reefs are an essential component to the ecosystems in Hawaii. Coral reefs are comprised of numerous Cnidarian species that grow sympatrically to form structured colonies. Coral reef colonies support a wide range of marine wildlife. The marine animals utilize coral reefs as their habitat, as a source of food, and as a catalyst for community interactions. Coral reef communities that are well established are known to be highly biodiverse. Coral reefs are known as the tropical rainforests of theRead MoreCoral Reefs and How We Can Save Them Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Coral reefs are underwater arrangements made from calcium-carbonated substances, which are released by corals. Coral reefs are gatherings of small and large organisms, which are found in marine waters that contain scarce nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to group of animals’ known as Phylum Cnidaria, which in turn secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons, which support and protect their bodiesRead MoreCoral Reefs : A Study From National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration983 Words   |  4 Pagessome, diverse, and colorful reefs add beauty to the ocean and to the fish. Others see coral reefs as peaceful beds on the ocean s floor. Creatures, on the other hand, see a shelter and protection from people or bigger larger that lurk for their prey. Coral reefs aren’t made for their scenery, but as ecosystems for many plants and animals. They do not only help the animals, but serve a s important sources of income, food, protection, and new medicines for mankind. Coral reefs are less than one percent

Sexual Response - 950 Words

The Sexual Response Cycle What is sexual response? It is described as the physical and emotional changes that occur in the body as men and women get sexually aroused during sexual activities such as intercourse and masturbation. The sexual response is characterized by vasocongestion and myotonia. Vasocongestion is the swelling of the genitals with blood. It causes the penis to erect and the area surrounding the vagina to swell. Myotonia is muscle tension. It causes facial grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and spasms of orgasms. The sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution. Both men and women experience these phases, although the timing usually is different. Men and women do not usually†¦show more content†¦The last phase of the sexual response cycle is the resolution phase. During this phase, the body returns to its normal level and all erect and swollen body parts return to their normal size. Unlike women, men enter a refractory period, which is a period of unresponsiveness to further sexual stimulation. During this time, men cannot have another orgasm or ejaculate. Women, however, can experience multiple orgasms and continue sexual stimulation. When a person knows how their body responds to sex, they have a greater chance of enhancing their relationship and pinpointing any sexual dysfunctions. Sexual dysfunctions are persistent problems in becoming sexually aroused or reaching an orgasm. Millions of Americans experience some type of sexual dysfunction. The types of sexual dysfunctions are: †¢ Hyperactive sexual desire disorder- lack of interest in sexual activity †¢ Female sexual arousal disorder- difficulty in becoming sexually aroused by means of vaginal lubrication or maintaining arousal long enough to engage and enjoy sexual relations. †¢ Male erectile disorder- failure to achieve or sustain an erection †¢ Orgasmic disorder-difficulty reaching an orgasm even when sexually aroused †¢ Premature ejaculation- rapid ejaculation that occurs with minimal sexual stimulation There are several causes of sexual dysfunction such as: †¢ Health problems such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, multipleShow MoreRelatedSexual Response Cycle1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sexual Response Cycle PSY 210 August 6, 2012 The Sexual Response Cycle The sexual response cycle is a term referencing the changes that occur within the body as it is becoming aroused (Nevid Rathus, 2010). This cycle, the sexual response cycle, consists of four phases. Phase one is excitement. Phase two is plateau. Phase three is orgasm. Phase four is resolution. Even though the changes that occur in men’s and women’s bodies differ in each phase, they do have some things inRead MoreHuman Sexual Response Essay8571 Words   |  35 PagesI. Introduction to the human sexual response A.Definition of sexual arousal B.Differentiation of cognitive vs reflex erection C.Models of sexual response patterns D.Intro to central vs peripheral nervous systems E.General intro to the brain areas activated in arousal F.Gender differences and why we’re only considering boys II. Information processing of sexual stimuli (1st component of sexual response) A.Detection of sexually-salient stimuli III. General arousal raising mechanismsRead MoreThe Sexual Response Cycle in Men and Women1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sexual Response Cycle Men and women sexually go through a cycle. This cycle is known as the sexual response cycle. The sexual response cycle is made up of four different phases, the excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution phases. The cycle is also categorized in two ways, vasocongestion and myotonia. Vasocongestion is where swelling occurs because blood rushes to certain areas of the body such as earlobes, for women to the opening of the vaginal area, and for men around the testesRead MoreSexual Harassment And Assault Response Prevention1072 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Harassment and Assault Response Prevention (SHARP) Sexual Harassment and Assault Prevention (SHARP) is a going problem in the military and the world. The reason why SHARP is on the increase is that people are starting to report it. When SHARP first appeared in the many military people did not know how to report it. It is important that all soldiers and the civilians know the process how to report SHARP. According to the SHARP guide book Sexual Harassment is â€Å"Sexual Harassment is a form ofRead MoreSexual Dysfunction is the loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function.1000 Words   |  4 Pages Sexual Dysfunction is the loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function. Women are usually unable to reach an orgasm, which is called female sexual arousal disorder. It once was called impotence but was rejected because it was too judgmental. When men are unable to attain or uphold an erection it is called an erectile dysfunction. Desire disorders, Arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and Pain disorders are the four categories of sexual dysfunction. It is common when youRead MorePsy 265 Final Personal Response on Sexual Identity1467 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix/Axia College | Personal Response on Sexual Identity | Psychology 265 | name 11/7/2010 | What is our purpose in life? That is a question many people ask themselves every day. As we become older people believe that wisdom is automatically granted through knowledge and experience. I was one of those people until taking this course. When first I opened and read the first chapter of the text I believed I was an experienced and a mature individual in knowing myselfRead MoreOverview of the Sexual Response Cycle1289 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Response Cycle There are specific changes that occur in the body of men and women when they are sexually aroused known as sexual response cycle. The cycle occurs in various phases that can be different or similar in women and men. The general characteristic of the sexual response cycle is vasocongestion and myotonia. Vasocongsetion refers to swelling of the tissues in genital areas with a lot of blood. This results to an erection of the penis in men and the swelling of the tissues that areRead MoreResponse Paper On Sexual Offenders1653 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 6: Response Paper Sexual offenders refer to sexual acts against a victim’s will and includes a wide range of behaviors ranging from exposing oneself in a public place to rape. Probation and parole officers have the difficult task of working with sexual offenders and trying to help them during their rehabilitation process. From researching different sources, I have concluded that risk assessment, treatment, supervision, and restrictions/registration have effectively helped by working withRead MoreGender, Sexual, And Sexual Harassment And Assault Response And Prevention1997 Words   |  8 Pages(NCO) Army wide. These challenges include the potential increase in gender discrimination, sexual harassment and sexual assaults. NCOs will have to rely on their ability to implement the Core Leader Competencies (Leads, Develops and Achieves) to ensure the successful integration of women. The greatest challenge will be in developing cohesive teams while ensuring the Army’s Sexual Harassment/Ass ault Response and Prevention (SHARP) program is successfully implemented. This will require developingRead MorePsy/210 Sexual Response Cycle1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe sexual response cycle is a Masters and Johnson’s model of sexual response which consists of four stages or phases. This model is founded on the theory that male and female sexual stimulation- their sexual response cycles- are very similar with obvious differences due to physical make up. The four phases are the excitement phase (initial phase for male and female), plateau phase, orgasmic phase, and the resolution phase. The phases fall in sequence from the beginning of stimulation up toward the

Importance of Accounting Software-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discussa about the Accounting Software Packages. Answer: Literature review In general sense, accounting means giving an explanation or reporting about something. In the context of business financial accounting can be defines as process of identifying, classifying, measuring, recording and communicating the economic transactions (Collis, Holt and Hussey, 2017). Accounting is not only important for businesses it is required in every sphere of life. Accounting provides the critical numbers that helps in decision making and proceeding in right direction to achieve financial objectives (Barrow and Tracy, 2010). In recent times, accounting software packages have begun to be used in various business organisations. These computerised systems not only ease the accounting task, it links various other information with the accounting information which provides better insights for decision making. The most likely system acquisition method depends on the size and needs of the enterprises. In Australia small and medium size companies generally use software packages like MYOP, whereas large companies usually invest on ERPs (Horngren and Harrison, 2015). Using accounting software packages can have various advantages. It simplifies the data entry procedure. The major advantage of using software package is speed. Using accounting software increases the speed of accounting processes. It is so because machine has the capacity to perform faster than humans. Another major advantage of the using accounting software it minimises risk of error. If the entered data in the software is correct there are negligible chances that results will include errors. Machines have more accuracy then humans and therefore accounting software promises the error free results. Better organisation of data. There is a possibility that data prepared manually can be misplaced but when data is stored in electronic form there are very less chances of misplacing the data. Accounting software can easily store the data and also it provides easy access to it when required. Other benefit of using accounting software is reporting. The software also generates various reports automatically based on the results. These reports help in decision making and communicating the financial results to different interesting parties. Along with these basic accounting functions the software also provides various additional functions such as online banking and e- filling. It reduces overall cost as it reduces the need to employ accountants. Although it is required to pay certain price for the software but its benefits reduce the overall cost. These softwares can be basically classified into three different categories. These categories are commercial software, custom software and ERP. Commercial softwares are those softwares which are available for general use. This software performs some general functions and can be used by any firm. Customised softwares are special software that is designed to cater the needs of a specific organisation. This type of software is not available for general use they are designed only on demand of specific firms. An ERP is much more than accounting software. It contains features of accounting software as well as some other features. Enterprise resource planning is software that is designed for integration and optimisation of various transactions of business. It allows business to automate various functions related to back office (Moon, 2007).To gain maximum from the accounting industry it is very essential for the business organisation to choose its accounting software very carefully. Accounting software packages are required in almost the business settings but they are most important for banks and other organisation which deal in providing financial products or services. This literature review is in context of business organisation National Australia Bank that uses Xero accounting software package. The firm has 200,000 customers in Australia and 400,000 around the globe. It has opted to use this package to provide better and efficient services to the organisations. The company entered in partnership with Xero in 2015 (nab, 2015). Organisation structure can be defined as an organisation setting that determines how people and their jobs are classified and coordinated. It is concerned with assigning responsibilities, allocating the task and defining authority relationships in an organisation (Maduenyi, Oke, Fadeyi and Ajagbe, 2015). The organisation structure adopted by bank is formal in nature. Although in the recent years it has done some changes to the executive team ad organisation structure to make the organisation more customers oriented (corporate governance at NAB , 2016) .Formal organisational structure is characterised by hierarchal relationships among various jobs and organisational units. The structure relies on formal rules and policies. This structure establishes effective reporting relationships that controls, coordinates and motivates employees to achieve organisational goals (Tran, and Tian, 2013). A poor organisational structure may give rise to various operational problems. Some of the operational problems that may arise in formal structure are slow decision making, lack of innovation, lack of team work and low productivity. Slow decision making can sometimes lead to loss of an attractive opportunity or delay in some operation. It is because the process of decision making has to pass through various layers before arriving at a solution. Lack of innovation can be a result of less freedom to employees. The employees are not en couraged and paid attention when they come up with a new idea. In formal organisation setting politics increases, this can hamper the coordination and cooperation among the employees. This leads to creating a culture where workers do not like to assist each other they are just focus on their own work. This hampers the team work in the organisation. The next major operational problem that may result because of formal structure is low productivity. Low productivity can result because of the inefficiency in operations. Employee empowerment constraints and rigid rules can lead to creation of an environment where employees are not able to accomplish their task effectively (Elsaid, Okasha and Abdelghaly, 2013). The type of organisation chosen for study is a Bank. Banks do not have any fixed sales procedure. Actually they are not involved in selling any physical product they are engaged in providing financial services. The most important process at bank is the process of bank teller. That is the main point of customer contact. The flowchart of bank teller process is given below: Source: Rohitha Perera, 2017. The software package used by the company is very popular in Australian markets. It is bit costlier than some of its competitors but provides the user with various advantages. Xeros products are influenced by design and user experience and therefore have a tagline beautiful accounting software (Macpherson, 2015). The few control related problems cat occur at 4 stages in the system. These four stages are input stage, processing stage, storage stage and output stage. The problems at input stage include data not visible, unauthorised access, input of wrong data by unfamiliar use. The problems at processing stage involve lack of judgement ability in computer systems, centralisation of data and separation of duties. The problems that can occur at storage phase are data stealing is easy, information can be altered without physical traces and invisibility of audit trail. The problems at output stage is different reality can be created (Ramadhan, Joshi and Hameed, 2017). The Xero accounting software system protects against all kinds of potential frauds. It is not easy to commit any kind of fraud in these accounting systems. The Xero also provides guidelines to small and medium enterprise to protect against any kinds of frauds. The software package also provides extra features that can quickly catch up any kind of crooked behaviour (Hooper, 2017). The accounting software came into use in early 1950s and 1960s. The various changes in the accounting software are given in the diagram. Source: Ashutosh Deshmukh , 2006 In the 2000 era two more concepts named SaaS and integration came to existence this resulted bringing out more powerful systems that could handle more complex accounting operations. These systems also provided concurrent access to files and programmes. In the year 2010 mobile accounting came into existence. This was the beginning of period of real time accounting. This resulted in mobile applications for the financial operations. Based on these developments presently accounting services can be classified into three different categories that are on premises accounting, hosted solutions and cloud completion. Premises accounting stands for a software programme that is purchased by a company and it is installed in its own system. In the hosted solution software can be accessed by companys system but the centre of data is at a physically different place. It is located with the service provider. Hardware is managed through service providers end. In cloud computing the data is managed throu gh the virtual platforms. The continuous evolutions in the accounting software have made this task easy and efficient (Bendovschi, 2015). In Australia the current market is for very wide and attractive. The two major players in the Australian market of accounting software are MYOP and Xero. Previously MYOP was a dominant market player but in May 2017 Xero was ahead of MYOB. The revenue growth of MYOB was 13 per cent and revenue growth of Xero was above 40 per cent. It is expected that revenues of zero will pass MYOP in the next 12 months (growthpath, 2017). The other market players are Quickbook, Intuit and Reckon. Xero is becoming the dominant market player because of the competitive advantage. The company has advantage because of various reasons. Xero is a cloud based accounting; it is built from the cloud based accounting from the ground level. Cloud based accounting is the recent trend in the market. It has a structure that is suited to both accounting professionals and users wh o are not into accounting. This provides a platform which provides both beauty and fun. This software package has an ability to accept the unlimited users in one account. Xero tops up the accounting software market with its rich features. Setting up this software package does not have bulky requirements. Setting up this software package is quick and easy it just requires a good internet connection. The firm has adopted differential pricing strategy to remain ahead in the competition. The prices of software vary according to the regions. Company also offers 180 days free access to new users but with the limited access (BPO connect, 2014). The current trends that prevail in the Australian accounting industry are continuous growth in the digital economy. Digital economy has contributed 5.1 per cent in the GDP. Association of accounting technicians is now encouraging the firms to use small and medium enterprises to adopt clouding technologies in its accounting processes. Increase in out sourcing and offshoring. The firms have now started to outsource their business activities. Accounting is one of them. Accounting software also eases the outsourcing task (theoutsourcedaccountant, 2016). Recent market trends, demonstrates that market conditions for accounting firms are favourable. It is expected that demand for advanced accounting software package will rise in coming time. There are various gaps or problems that are faced by users in current software packages. One of the basic issues is lack of security. The users are worried about the data security. Using the accounting software opens them to potential risk of confidential data used by foreign parties. Some companies have come up with better security options but still not able to create trust in the minds of user. Some of the software packages do not provide user friendly platform, users are not able to perform any kind of customisation. The other areas in which gap have been experienced by users in terms of expectations and reality include compatibility, flexibility, internal control, training and reporting capability. The users expect software that provides almost all the general features such as easy to use, after sale assistance, beta versions, time to time up gradations, guaranties and warranties (Ramazani, Zanjani, and Vali, 2012). It is recommended for the firms to introduce new features and ma ke alterations in the existing products features to cater the needs of users. A software package should cater needs such as increased speed, efficiency, accuracy in results, compatible with the firms requirements, flexible enough to accommodate changes and up gradation, reliability and trustworthiness. To overcome the gaps it is also important for the accounting software companies to always explore new technologies and test it with the selected segment after implementing it in their product. References Barrow, C. and Tracy, J.A., 2010. Understanding Business Accounting for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Bendovschi, A.C., 2015. THE EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS. SEA: Practical Application of Science, 3(1). BPO connect, 2014. Top 7 Reasons Xero Accounting Wins Over Competitors, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://bpoconnect.com.au/top-7-reasons-xero-accounting-wins-competitors/ Collis, J., Holt, A. and Hussey, R., 2017. Business accounting. Springer. Deshmukh, A., 2006. The Evolution of Accounting Software. In Digital Accounting: The Effects of the Internet and ERP on Accounting (pp. 15-41). IGI Global. Elsaid, N.M., Okasha, A.E. and Abdelghaly, A.A., 2013. Defining and Solving the Organizational Structure Problems to Improve the Performanceof Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs-Egypt. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(10), p.273. Growthpath, 2017.Review of Xero, Saasu, QuickBooks Online and MYOB, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.growthpath.com.au/Business-IT/review-of-myob-liveaccounts-and-xero-accounting-in-the-cloud.html Hooper, C., 2017. How to Bust Fraudulent Activity in Xero. Digital Firtst, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://digitalfirst.com/bust-fraudulent-activity-xero/ Horngren, C. and Harrison, W., 2015. Accounting: bsb110, 3rd edition. Pearson Higher Education AU. Macpherson, S., 2017. Which accounting software is right for your business?. In the Black, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.intheblack.com/~/media/intheblack/allfiles/document/ebooks/which-accounting-software-is-right-for-your-business.pdf Maduenyi, S., Oke, A.O., Fadeyi, O. and Ajagbe, A.M., 2015. Impact of Organisational Structure on Organisational Performance. Moon, Y.B., 2007. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): a review of the literature. International journal of management and enterprise development, 4(3), pp.235-264. Nab, 2015. NAB and Xero deliver a smarter way to do business, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://news.nab.com.au/nab-and-xero-deliver-a-smarter-way-to-do-business/ Nab, 2016. 2016 Corporate Governance Statement, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.nab.com.au/content/dam/nabrwd/About-Us/corporategovernance/2016-corporate-governance-statement.pdf Perera, R., 2017. Banking Teller Process ( Flowchart), viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://creately.com/diagram/example/gmd8bbfk2/Banking+Teller+Process Ramadhan,S., Joshi, P.L. and Hameed, S.A., 2017. Accontants perception of internal control problems associated with the use of computerised accounting systems. The Review of business information systems, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj6x8KahffVAhWKYo8KHbcUAv8QFggzMAEurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cluteinstitute.com%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2FRBIS%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F4543%2F4634usg=AFQjCNHAYdLgE7rston9WR6wmJCzRMkc7A Ramazani, M., Zanjani, M. and Vali, F., 2012. Accounting Software Expectation Gap Based on Features of Accounting Information Systems (AISs). Theoutsourcedaccountant, 2016). Australian Accounting Trends in 2015 Financial Year ,viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://theoutsourcedaccountant.com/australian-accounting-trends-in-2015-financial-year/ Tran, Q. and Tian, Y., 2013. Organizational structure: Influencing factors and impact on a firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(2), p.229 Dyt, R. and Halabi, A.K., 2007. Empirical evidence examining the accounting information systems and accounting reports of small and micro business in Australia. Small Enterprise Research, 15(2), pp.1-9. Kaplan, R.S., 1984. The evolution of management accounting. In Readings in accounting for management control (pp. 586-621). Springer US. Kumar, K. and Van Hillegersberg, J., 2000. ERP experiences and evolution. Communications of the ACM, 43(4), pp.22-22. Mehldahl, R., Mehldahl Robert Allen, 2004. Multi-dimensional business information accounting software engine. U.S. Patent Application 10/970,874

Importance of Accounting Software-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discussa about the Accounting Software Packages. Answer: Literature review In general sense, accounting means giving an explanation or reporting about something. In the context of business financial accounting can be defines as process of identifying, classifying, measuring, recording and communicating the economic transactions (Collis, Holt and Hussey, 2017). Accounting is not only important for businesses it is required in every sphere of life. Accounting provides the critical numbers that helps in decision making and proceeding in right direction to achieve financial objectives (Barrow and Tracy, 2010). In recent times, accounting software packages have begun to be used in various business organisations. These computerised systems not only ease the accounting task, it links various other information with the accounting information which provides better insights for decision making. The most likely system acquisition method depends on the size and needs of the enterprises. In Australia small and medium size companies generally use software packages like MYOP, whereas large companies usually invest on ERPs (Horngren and Harrison, 2015). Using accounting software packages can have various advantages. It simplifies the data entry procedure. The major advantage of using software package is speed. Using accounting software increases the speed of accounting processes. It is so because machine has the capacity to perform faster than humans. Another major advantage of the using accounting software it minimises risk of error. If the entered data in the software is correct there are negligible chances that results will include errors. Machines have more accuracy then humans and therefore accounting software promises the error free results. Better organisation of data. There is a possibility that data prepared manually can be misplaced but when data is stored in electronic form there are very less chances of misplacing the data. Accounting software can easily store the data and also it provides easy access to it when required. Other benefit of using accounting software is reporting. The software also generates various reports automatically based on the results. These reports help in decision making and communicating the financial results to different interesting parties. Along with these basic accounting functions the software also provides various additional functions such as online banking and e- filling. It reduces overall cost as it reduces the need to employ accountants. Although it is required to pay certain price for the software but its benefits reduce the overall cost. These softwares can be basically classified into three different categories. These categories are commercial software, custom software and ERP. Commercial softwares are those softwares which are available for general use. This software performs some general functions and can be used by any firm. Customised softwares are special software that is designed to cater the needs of a specific organisation. This type of software is not available for general use they are designed only on demand of specific firms. An ERP is much more than accounting software. It contains features of accounting software as well as some other features. Enterprise resource planning is software that is designed for integration and optimisation of various transactions of business. It allows business to automate various functions related to back office (Moon, 2007).To gain maximum from the accounting industry it is very essential for the business organisation to choose its accounting software very carefully. Accounting software packages are required in almost the business settings but they are most important for banks and other organisation which deal in providing financial products or services. This literature review is in context of business organisation National Australia Bank that uses Xero accounting software package. The firm has 200,000 customers in Australia and 400,000 around the globe. It has opted to use this package to provide better and efficient services to the organisations. The company entered in partnership with Xero in 2015 (nab, 2015). Organisation structure can be defined as an organisation setting that determines how people and their jobs are classified and coordinated. It is concerned with assigning responsibilities, allocating the task and defining authority relationships in an organisation (Maduenyi, Oke, Fadeyi and Ajagbe, 2015). The organisation structure adopted by bank is formal in nature. Although in the recent years it has done some changes to the executive team ad organisation structure to make the organisation more customers oriented (corporate governance at NAB , 2016) .Formal organisational structure is characterised by hierarchal relationships among various jobs and organisational units. The structure relies on formal rules and policies. This structure establishes effective reporting relationships that controls, coordinates and motivates employees to achieve organisational goals (Tran, and Tian, 2013). A poor organisational structure may give rise to various operational problems. Some of the operational problems that may arise in formal structure are slow decision making, lack of innovation, lack of team work and low productivity. Slow decision making can sometimes lead to loss of an attractive opportunity or delay in some operation. It is because the process of decision making has to pass through various layers before arriving at a solution. Lack of innovation can be a result of less freedom to employees. The employees are not en couraged and paid attention when they come up with a new idea. In formal organisation setting politics increases, this can hamper the coordination and cooperation among the employees. This leads to creating a culture where workers do not like to assist each other they are just focus on their own work. This hampers the team work in the organisation. The next major operational problem that may result because of formal structure is low productivity. Low productivity can result because of the inefficiency in operations. Employee empowerment constraints and rigid rules can lead to creation of an environment where employees are not able to accomplish their task effectively (Elsaid, Okasha and Abdelghaly, 2013). The type of organisation chosen for study is a Bank. Banks do not have any fixed sales procedure. Actually they are not involved in selling any physical product they are engaged in providing financial services. The most important process at bank is the process of bank teller. That is the main point of customer contact. The flowchart of bank teller process is given below: Source: Rohitha Perera, 2017. The software package used by the company is very popular in Australian markets. It is bit costlier than some of its competitors but provides the user with various advantages. Xeros products are influenced by design and user experience and therefore have a tagline beautiful accounting software (Macpherson, 2015). The few control related problems cat occur at 4 stages in the system. These four stages are input stage, processing stage, storage stage and output stage. The problems at input stage include data not visible, unauthorised access, input of wrong data by unfamiliar use. The problems at processing stage involve lack of judgement ability in computer systems, centralisation of data and separation of duties. The problems that can occur at storage phase are data stealing is easy, information can be altered without physical traces and invisibility of audit trail. The problems at output stage is different reality can be created (Ramadhan, Joshi and Hameed, 2017). The Xero accounting software system protects against all kinds of potential frauds. It is not easy to commit any kind of fraud in these accounting systems. The Xero also provides guidelines to small and medium enterprise to protect against any kinds of frauds. The software package also provides extra features that can quickly catch up any kind of crooked behaviour (Hooper, 2017). The accounting software came into use in early 1950s and 1960s. The various changes in the accounting software are given in the diagram. Source: Ashutosh Deshmukh , 2006 In the 2000 era two more concepts named SaaS and integration came to existence this resulted bringing out more powerful systems that could handle more complex accounting operations. These systems also provided concurrent access to files and programmes. In the year 2010 mobile accounting came into existence. This was the beginning of period of real time accounting. This resulted in mobile applications for the financial operations. Based on these developments presently accounting services can be classified into three different categories that are on premises accounting, hosted solutions and cloud completion. Premises accounting stands for a software programme that is purchased by a company and it is installed in its own system. In the hosted solution software can be accessed by companys system but the centre of data is at a physically different place. It is located with the service provider. Hardware is managed through service providers end. In cloud computing the data is managed throu gh the virtual platforms. The continuous evolutions in the accounting software have made this task easy and efficient (Bendovschi, 2015). In Australia the current market is for very wide and attractive. The two major players in the Australian market of accounting software are MYOP and Xero. Previously MYOP was a dominant market player but in May 2017 Xero was ahead of MYOB. The revenue growth of MYOB was 13 per cent and revenue growth of Xero was above 40 per cent. It is expected that revenues of zero will pass MYOP in the next 12 months (growthpath, 2017). The other market players are Quickbook, Intuit and Reckon. Xero is becoming the dominant market player because of the competitive advantage. The company has advantage because of various reasons. Xero is a cloud based accounting; it is built from the cloud based accounting from the ground level. Cloud based accounting is the recent trend in the market. It has a structure that is suited to both accounting professionals and users wh o are not into accounting. This provides a platform which provides both beauty and fun. This software package has an ability to accept the unlimited users in one account. Xero tops up the accounting software market with its rich features. Setting up this software package does not have bulky requirements. Setting up this software package is quick and easy it just requires a good internet connection. The firm has adopted differential pricing strategy to remain ahead in the competition. The prices of software vary according to the regions. Company also offers 180 days free access to new users but with the limited access (BPO connect, 2014). The current trends that prevail in the Australian accounting industry are continuous growth in the digital economy. Digital economy has contributed 5.1 per cent in the GDP. Association of accounting technicians is now encouraging the firms to use small and medium enterprises to adopt clouding technologies in its accounting processes. Increase in out sourcing and offshoring. The firms have now started to outsource their business activities. Accounting is one of them. Accounting software also eases the outsourcing task (theoutsourcedaccountant, 2016). Recent market trends, demonstrates that market conditions for accounting firms are favourable. It is expected that demand for advanced accounting software package will rise in coming time. There are various gaps or problems that are faced by users in current software packages. One of the basic issues is lack of security. The users are worried about the data security. Using the accounting software opens them to potential risk of confidential data used by foreign parties. Some companies have come up with better security options but still not able to create trust in the minds of user. Some of the software packages do not provide user friendly platform, users are not able to perform any kind of customisation. The other areas in which gap have been experienced by users in terms of expectations and reality include compatibility, flexibility, internal control, training and reporting capability. The users expect software that provides almost all the general features such as easy to use, after sale assistance, beta versions, time to time up gradations, guaranties and warranties (Ramazani, Zanjani, and Vali, 2012). It is recommended for the firms to introduce new features and ma ke alterations in the existing products features to cater the needs of users. A software package should cater needs such as increased speed, efficiency, accuracy in results, compatible with the firms requirements, flexible enough to accommodate changes and up gradation, reliability and trustworthiness. To overcome the gaps it is also important for the accounting software companies to always explore new technologies and test it with the selected segment after implementing it in their product. References Barrow, C. and Tracy, J.A., 2010. Understanding Business Accounting for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Bendovschi, A.C., 2015. THE EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS. SEA: Practical Application of Science, 3(1). BPO connect, 2014. Top 7 Reasons Xero Accounting Wins Over Competitors, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://bpoconnect.com.au/top-7-reasons-xero-accounting-wins-competitors/ Collis, J., Holt, A. and Hussey, R., 2017. Business accounting. Springer. Deshmukh, A., 2006. The Evolution of Accounting Software. In Digital Accounting: The Effects of the Internet and ERP on Accounting (pp. 15-41). IGI Global. Elsaid, N.M., Okasha, A.E. and Abdelghaly, A.A., 2013. Defining and Solving the Organizational Structure Problems to Improve the Performanceof Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs-Egypt. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(10), p.273. Growthpath, 2017.Review of Xero, Saasu, QuickBooks Online and MYOB, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.growthpath.com.au/Business-IT/review-of-myob-liveaccounts-and-xero-accounting-in-the-cloud.html Hooper, C., 2017. How to Bust Fraudulent Activity in Xero. Digital Firtst, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://digitalfirst.com/bust-fraudulent-activity-xero/ Horngren, C. and Harrison, W., 2015. Accounting: bsb110, 3rd edition. Pearson Higher Education AU. Macpherson, S., 2017. Which accounting software is right for your business?. In the Black, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.intheblack.com/~/media/intheblack/allfiles/document/ebooks/which-accounting-software-is-right-for-your-business.pdf Maduenyi, S., Oke, A.O., Fadeyi, O. and Ajagbe, A.M., 2015. Impact of Organisational Structure on Organisational Performance. Moon, Y.B., 2007. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): a review of the literature. International journal of management and enterprise development, 4(3), pp.235-264. Nab, 2015. NAB and Xero deliver a smarter way to do business, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://news.nab.com.au/nab-and-xero-deliver-a-smarter-way-to-do-business/ Nab, 2016. 2016 Corporate Governance Statement, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.nab.com.au/content/dam/nabrwd/About-Us/corporategovernance/2016-corporate-governance-statement.pdf Perera, R., 2017. Banking Teller Process ( Flowchart), viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://creately.com/diagram/example/gmd8bbfk2/Banking+Teller+Process Ramadhan,S., Joshi, P.L. and Hameed, S.A., 2017. Accontants perception of internal control problems associated with the use of computerised accounting systems. The Review of business information systems, viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj6x8KahffVAhWKYo8KHbcUAv8QFggzMAEurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cluteinstitute.com%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2FRBIS%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F4543%2F4634usg=AFQjCNHAYdLgE7rston9WR6wmJCzRMkc7A Ramazani, M., Zanjani, M. and Vali, F., 2012. Accounting Software Expectation Gap Based on Features of Accounting Information Systems (AISs). Theoutsourcedaccountant, 2016). Australian Accounting Trends in 2015 Financial Year ,viewed on 27 August 2017 from https://theoutsourcedaccountant.com/australian-accounting-trends-in-2015-financial-year/ Tran, Q. and Tian, Y., 2013. Organizational structure: Influencing factors and impact on a firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(2), p.229 Dyt, R. and Halabi, A.K., 2007. Empirical evidence examining the accounting information systems and accounting reports of small and micro business in Australia. Small Enterprise Research, 15(2), pp.1-9. Kaplan, R.S., 1984. The evolution of management accounting. In Readings in accounting for management control (pp. 586-621). Springer US. Kumar, K. and Van Hillegersberg, J., 2000. ERP experiences and evolution. Communications of the ACM, 43(4), pp.22-22. Mehldahl, R., Mehldahl Robert Allen, 2004. Multi-dimensional business information accounting software engine. U.S. Patent Application 10/970,874

Knowledge free essay sample

New schools are opened up, towns and communities continue to flourish and grow. The layout of this paper is going to be why education is important to people in todays world, how education changed and will it continue to have policy changes, and what education symbolizes or means to others. Education is important to a lot of people for a simple reason, they view it as a ticket Just sitting there waiting to be grabbed. A ticket that leads to a better future and life, a way to start a family and survive the harsh economic realities facing you. Its a lot easier to face life with a degree because knowledge is power. Even if you do get a degree it is still difficult to procure a stable and well-paying Job. If you have the courage to get started and take that challenging road to get that degree, it is definitely worth the time, money and effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The meaning of importance for education can change for every individual. Everyone has their own relationship to knowledge and reason for why they are pursuing their American Dream. Im sure a lot of other people share the same thinking as me when I say that pursuing and receiving a higher education is one of the only options and roads you can take in life. Some people want an education because theyVe been told no their whole lives and have een deprived of academic opportunities. Now they have the motivation to go after their degree and show others that they do deserve, they have what it takes, and they can achieve their goal. Education, how it is viewed, and everything about knowledge has changed and will continue to change until the end of time. Is school more challenging in todays world? Yes it is, hands down with no argument that college is more challenging in todays society. College is more expensive and there are a lot more universities and places to study around the world. Learning and school in general has without a doubt hanged. Classrooms were smaller, good teachers and professors werent as easy to find unlike today. Life and learning is more complex and difficult than it ever was. Assignments are longer, more complex, and more difficult to complete. Tuition and rooming prices keep increasing, and I have no doubt in mind that the costs will keep rising. The cost of supplies that a student needs today compared to back then are drastically ditterent. Books and a laptop alone is a decent amount ot money. Its were trying to keep America stupid. I think everyone in this country views schooling as somewhat important. Over the last hundred years I think people everywhere are beginning to realize the true importance of education. School is different now because of technology, the things we have discovered, the supplies students have to buy to be successful, and because of how the world is developing rapidly. The standard of learning can change depending on where you are at and what you are studying. Education and the learning system is changing rapidly for the better. New information and knowledge is introduced to the world every day. Technology is constantly being added onto and updated. The people in this world will never cease o amaze me with the creations and inventions they introduce to the public Just to make their lives more simplistic. I believe the whole concept and methods of learning and the way we take in and absorb information will change drastically in the near future. Education for minorities especially for African Americans has changed. It hasnt always been allowed for African Americans to be in school and often times schools were segregated and racism was high. Young African Americans were often stuck in a system designed for them to fail. With the poverty and crime rate along with racism nd prejudice it was usually impossible for most to escape the pressures and difficulties of living in the ghetto of the city. The prison system is deceiving and unfair so to speak. Cities will have prisons but no recreational facility for teenagers. Almost everything has been made a felony and with the three strike rule it is easy for young adults to end up in prison for life. Education can symbolize many things toa lot of people. It can symbolize freedom, or a way out. Knowledge is a rare thing and I think people now more than ever are starting to realize that. Schooling will continue the change and always will.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example Essay Example

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example Paper Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Introduction The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was the tomb of king Mausolus. Halicarnassus (Modern Bodrum, Turkey) was the capital of a small Mediterranean kingdom. In 377 B. C. , Hecatomnus of Mylasa, the ruler of this land, died and left control of the kingdom to his son, Mausolus. Mausolus’ reign lasted for 24 years. He loved and adored the Greek culture and founded several cities of Greek design along the coast. In 353 B. C. , Mausolus died, leaving his queen Artemisia broken hearted. She decided to build the most splendid tomb in the known world as a tribute to him. The tomb became so famous that Mausolus’s name is now associated with all stately tombs throughout the world as Mausoleum. It became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world because of its rich statuary and carvings in relief. Artemisia sent messengers to Greece to find the most talented sculptors; she decided that no expense was to be spared in building the tomb. The tomb was errected on a hill overlooking the c ity. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Body Paragraphs The entire structure sat in the center of an enclosed courtyard on a stone platform. A staircase, flanked with stone lions, led to the top of this platform. There were many statues of gods and godesses along the outer wall of the courtyard. The tomb was guarded by stone warriors mounted on horseback at each corner stone. [pic] The tomb itself was at the center of the platform. The marble structure rose as a square, tapering block to about one-third of the Mausoleum’s 1140 feet height. This section was covered wit relief sculptures showing action scenes from Greek mythology. Thirty-six slim columns rose on top of this section for another third of the height. Between each column were more statues. A solid block behind the columns carried the weight of the tomb’s massive roof. [pic] Map showing the layout of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Artemisia died two years after Mausolus’s death. Both of them were buried in the yet unfinished tomb. The craftsmen took up the r esponsibility of completing the structure. The Mausoleum overlooked the city for several centuaries before it was damaged and destroyed by attacks from pirates, invaders and series of earthquakes. Very similar to this ancient wonder is the Taj mahal in India. TAJ MAHAL Like the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Taj was built in the memory of Shah Jahaan’s beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It was and still continues to be a symbol of eternal love. The Taj also is a marble structure standing on the banks of River Yamuna. It rises ona high sandstone base topped by four tappering minarets. The jewel-inlaid cenotaph of the queen lies within the dome. The design on the stucture is said to be so exquisite that the Taj has been described as â€Å" having been designed by giants and finished by jewellers† pic] STATUE OF ZEUS [pic] The statue of Zeus is located in Peloponnesus. The statue stands 40 feet high and is made of ivory and gold. Zeus is depicted sitting with olive wreath on hi s head, a sceptre (with an eagle sitting on it) in his left hand, and his messenger Nike in his right hand. The temple is built on a raised rectangular platform. Thirteen large columns support the roof along the sides and six support it on each end. A gently peaked roof the topped the building, which was filled with sculpture. However, now the statue stands destroyed by numerous earthquakes and conquests. SHIVA STATUE AT MURUDESHWARA [pic] The Shiva statue at Murudeshawara is very similar to the statue of Zeus. However, in this case, the statue is outside the temple. The statue of Shiva measures 123 feet in height. The statue is constructed in such a way that it gets sun light and thus appears sparkling. The temple has the tallest gopura in the world too. It is 249 feet high and is called the Raja Gopura. There are other small statues surrounding the main Shiva statue. There is one depicting Ravan giving the atma-lingam to a Brahman. There are many statues of elephants (life size ), and the holy bull, Nandi. TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS [pic] The temple of Artemis was built in the honour of Artemis. It is 425 feet long and 225 feet wide. The foundation of the temple was rectangular in form, similar to most temples at the time. Unlike other sanctuaries, however, the building was made of marble, with a decorated facade overlooking a spacious courtyard. 127 columns, each of which is 60 feet high, support the roof. This temple was built and destroyed several times. The temple was built in such a way that one could see the other side through the temple; it was like a hollow structure. Thus, when the sun rose and set it felt as though it was happening inside the temple. PARTHENON [pic] The Parthenon was built for the Greek goddess, Athena. Structurally, it is very similar to the temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The Parthenon is a temple of the Doric order with eight columns at the facade, and seventeen columns at the flanks, conforming to the established ratio of 9:4. This ratio governed the vertical and horizontal proportions of the temple as well as many other relationships of the building like the spacing between the columns and their height. The Parthenon, in comparison with the temple of Artemis however, is only 100 feet wide, 230 feet long, and has 58 pillars. Ubud Hanging Gardens, Bali If Babylon’s ancient Hanging Gardens existed today, they could definitely look something like this. Perched around an Eden-like gorge are 38 serene villas, a soothing double-tiered pool, and a Hindu temple; you’ll need to take a funicular from reception to your suite, and most everywhere else (though a few hundred stairs will take you to the bottom of the valley if you are up to adventure. Each villa has its own private heated infinity pool, looking out over the verdant gardens of the valley and bordered by an outdoor terrace. There is step greenery and vegetation just like the supposedly floored gardens of Babylon. It is today one of the hottest tourist destinations in Bali. [pic] [pic]Bottom of Form The Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt. (Ancient wonder) [pic] One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in 200 BC on the small island of Pharos and was connected to the mainland by a massive causeway. Thought to have stood 492 feet high, it is considerably taller than any modern-day lighthouses. Though it has been lost in the pages of history and there is no concrete proof about whether it really existed or not, many claim you could see the light beacon from 35 miles away and that the structure had unique Roman features including a statue of Poseidon, a mirror that would reflect the sunlight, four statues of Triton on each corner and a church located at the top. Unfortunately, after years of destruction from earthquakes, the building collapsed in the 4th century, most probably due to an earthquake. The lighthouse served the purpose of warning the ships and showing them the way. At that time, it was an architectural marvel, indigenous and with a well-defined new idea. Lighthouse of Alexandria, Shenzhen, China. The Window of the World is a theme park located in the western part of the city of Shenzhen in the People’s Republic of China. It has about 130 reproductions of some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world including an exact replica of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Built by an eccentric businessman, it does or does not do justice to the original monument that has long been destroyed, is debatable. The monument though has been built to scale in comparison of the original Lighthouse of Alexandria. Due to the prevalence of other replicas of ancient wonders and modern wonders of the world, Window of the World is a major tourist hotspot of Shenzhen. [pic] The inspiration for the statue of liberty the Colossus of Rhodes. How often do New Yorkers and other Americans gaze at the Statue of liberty with pride and amazement! Standing on a small island in the harbour, the statue is of a robed and crowned woman, holding a book in one hand and lifting a torch to the sky. The statue measures almost one-hundred and twenty feet from foot to crown. This awe-inspiring statue was a gift from France to America as a symbol of friendship. It is often referred to as â€Å"The modern colossus. † However what most people don’t know is that there stood an ancient statue in Rhodes named â€Å"The Colossus of Rhodes†; The original colossus. Like the Statue of Liberty, this colossus was also built as a celebration of freedom. This amazing statue, standing the same height from toe to head as the modern colossus, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The statue was built sometime between 292-280 BC to celebrate the surprising victory of Rhodesians against many attackers. It was the statue of HELIUS The Sun God to The Rhodesians. The engineering of the colossus was done by a local sculptor named Harrays. First a wooden frame was made and then bronze plates of over 200 tons were put up surrounding it. This took about 12 years and innumerable labour to complete the construction. However in about 226 BC there was an earthquake in Rhodes that the statue couldn’t survive. On the other hand The Statue of Liberty was built around 2000 years later and still stands with pride looking over the sea. [pic] | | | | The inspiration for the pyramids of louvre- Paris. The pyramids of Giza. The Great Pyramids were built between 2650-2500BC. It is said that they were a tomb of Pharaoh Khufu. They are located in Giza, Egypt. The largest pyramid is 756 feet long on each side and 450 feet high and is composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2 1/2 tons in weight. The sides are oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass and the length of each side at the base is 755 feet (230. 4 m). They rise at an angle of 51 52†² to a height, originally, of 481 feet (147 m) but nowadays 451 feet (138 m). D espite the makers’ limited surveying tools, no side is more than 8 inches different in length than another, and the whole structure is perfectly oriented to the points of the compass. Even in the 19th century, it was the tallest building in the world and, at the age of 4,500 years, it is the only one of the famous â€Å"Seven Wonders of the Ancient World† that still stands. Even today it remains the most massive building on Earth. About 4000 years later, in 1989 The pyramid of Louvre museum was built by the renowned American architect I. M. Pei. This time a pyramid made up of crystal clear glass to allow the sunlight to come in on the underground floor. It is made up of rhombus shaped glass sheets fitted in a triangular shaped framework. The modern addition originally received mixed reviews, as it contrasts sharply with the classical design of the surrounding buildings of the museum of Louvre, but today it is generally accepted as a clever solution which has given the museum a spacious central entrance without the need to touch the historic patrimony. Surprisingly it too serves as an entrance to the museum like the pyramids of Giza serve as entrances to the tomb of Pharaoh Khufu. Hence because of the similarities one comes to believe that it was built by the inspiration by the pyramids of Giza. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Jay’s Treaty, Between Britain and the U.S.

Jay’s Treaty, Between Britain and the U.S. Jay’s Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Great Britain signed on November 19, 1794 intended to avert war and resolve issues between the two countries that had lingered since the end of the American Revolutionary War. While it was unpopular with the American public, the treaty succeeded in ensuring a decade of peaceful and mutually profitable trade between the United States and Britain during the French Revolutionary Wars. The treaty was signed by President George Washington on November 19, 1794 and approved by the U.S. Senate on June 24, 1795. It was then ratified by the British Parliament and took effect on February 29, 1796. Officially titled, â€Å"Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America,† and also called â€Å"Jay Treaty,† the pact draws its name from John Jay, its chief U.S. negotiator. Key Takeaways: Jay's Treaty Jay’s Treaty was a diplomatic agreement reached in 1794 between the United States and Great Britain.Jay’s Treaty was intended to resolve disputes between the two nations that remained after the 1783 Treaty of Paris had ended the American Revolutionary War.The treaty was signed on November 19, 1794, approved by the U.S. Senate on June 24, 1795, and approved by the British Parliament, thus placing it into full effect on February 29, 1796.The treaty draws its name from its chief U.S. negotiator, first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Jay.   Bitter objections to the treaty by the French government led to the XYZ Affair of 1797 and the 1798 Quasi-War with France. In the United States, political conflict over ratification of the treaty contributed to the creation of America’s first two political parties: the pro-treaty Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the anti-treaty Democratic-Republican Party led by Anti-federalists Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. International Issues Driving Jay’s Treaty After the American Revolutionary War ended, tensions between the United States and Great Britain remained understandably high. Specifically, three main issues remained unresolved even after the 1783 Treaty of Paris had ended military hostilities: Goods exported from America were still being blocked by Britain’s wartime trade restrictions and tariffs. At the same time, British imports were flooding American markets, leaving the U.S. facing a significant trade deficit.  Ã‚  British troops were still occupying several forts on U.S.-claimed territory from the Great Lakes region to modern-day Ohio, which they had agreed to vacate in the Treaty of Paris. The British occupation of the forts left American frontier settlers living in those territories open to recurrent attacks by Indian tribes.Britain continued to seize American ships carrying military supplies and force or â€Å"impress† the American sailors into the service of the British Royal Navy to fight against France. When France went to war with Great Britain in 1793, the long period of global peace that had helped the newly-independent United States flourish in both trade and revenue ended. America’s intent to remain neutral in the European war was tested when between 1793 and 1801, the British Royal Navy, without warning, captured nearly 250 American merchant ships carrying goods from French colonies in the West Indies. The combination of these and other lingering issues and animosities brought the U.S. and Britain back to the brink of war in the late 1700s. US Response and Politics The American public was outraged, especially by Britain’s seizure of American ships, cargo, and impressment of sailors. In Congress, Thomas Jefferson demanded passage of a declaration of war. James Madison, however, called for a trade embargo on all British goods as a more moderate response. At the same time, British officials made matters even worse by selling rifles and other weapons to the First Nations Indian tribes near the Canadian- American border and telling their leaders that they no longer needed to respect the border. American political leaders were bitterly divided on how to respond. Led by Jefferson and Madison, the Democratic-Republicans favored aiding the French in its war with Britain. However, Hamilton’s Federalists argued that negotiating for peaceful relations with Britain- especially trade relations- could turn the British into a lasting and powerful ally. President George Washington agreed with Hamilton and sent Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Jay to London to negotiate an all-encompassing treaty- Jay’s Treaty. Negotiations and Terms of the Treaty Despite his well-known command of diplomacy, Jay faced a daunting negotiating task in London. He believed that his best bargaining chip was the threat that America would assist the neutral Danish and the Swedish governments in preventing the British from forcibly seizing their goods. However, what Jay did not know was that in a well-intentioned attempt to establish good-will with Britain, Hamilton had independently informed British leadership that the U.S. government had no intention of helping any of the neutral European nations. In doing this, Hamilton left Jay with little clout in demanding concessions from the British. When Jay’s Treaty was finally signed in London on November 19, 1794, the American negotiators had won only two immediate concessions. The British agreed to vacate its forts in the northern United States territories by June 1796. In addition, Britain agreed to grant the United States the advantageous â€Å"most favored nation† trading status, but greatly limited U.S. trade to emerging lucrative markets in the British West Indies.   Most other outstanding issues, including British seizures of American ships and repayment of U.S. pre-Revolutionary War debts to Britain, were left to be decided later through the relatively new process of international arbitration. Jay was forced to concede that during the undefined period of arbitration, Britain could continue to seize U.S. goods headed for France on American ships if they paid for them and could seize French goods transported on American ships without payment. However, Jay failed in his attempt to negotiate an end to Britain’s impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, a sore point which would slowly fester into a key issue driving the War of 1812. While the American public, feeling it overly advantageous to Britain loudly objected to Jay’s Treaty, it passed in the U.S. Senate by a 20 to 10 vote on June 24, 1795. Despite the many objections against doing so, President Washington implemented the treaty, considering it to be the price of a period of peace during which the United States could rebuild its funds and military forces in the event of future conflicts. Jay’s Treaty and Indian Rights Article III of Jay’s Treaty granted all Indians, American citizens, and Canadian subjects the perpetual right to freely travel between the United States and Canada, then a British territory, for purposes travel or trade. Since then, the United States has honored this agreement by codifying its provision in Section 289 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, as amended. As a result of Jay’s Treaty, â€Å"Native Indians born in Canada are therefore entitled to enter the United States for the purpose of employment, study, retirement, investing, and/or immigration.† Today, Article III of Jay’s Treaty is cited as the basis of many legal claims filed against the U.S. and Canadian governments by Indians and Indian tribes. Impact and Legacy of Jay’s Treaty Historians generally agree that in terms of modern international diplomacy, Jay got the â€Å"short end of the stick,† by having achieved only two minor immediate concessions from the British. However, as Historian Marshall Smelser points out, Jay’s Treaty did achieve President Washington’s primary goal- preventing another war with Great Britain, or at least delaying that war until the United States could become financially, politically, and militarily able to fight it.   In 1955, historian Bradford Perkins conclude that Jay’s treaty brought the United States and Great Britain from within a sword’s point of war in 1794 to the brink of the true and lasting friendship and cooperation that endures today. â€Å"Through a decade of world war and peace, successive governments on both sides of the Atlantic were able to bring about and preserve a cordiality which often approached genuine friendship,† he wrote.   Sources Bemis, Samuel Flagg. â€Å"Jays Treaty and the Northwest Boundary Gap. Harvard College Library First Nations and Native Americans United States Embassy, Consular Services Canada.Karl S. Hele.Lines Drawn upon the Water: First Nations and the Great Lakes Borders and Borderlands Wilfrid Laurier University PressElkins, Stanley M. and Eric McKitrick. The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788–1800 February 1, 1995. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN-13: 978-0195093810Smelser, Marshall. The Democratic Republic, 1801-1815 Waveland Press. March 1, 1992. ISBN-13: 978-0881336689Perkins, Bradford. The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795–1805 University of California Press. ISBN-13: 978-052000998

Fredrickson's Various Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fredrickson's Various Models - Essay Example Sherman Alexie’s assimilation story revolves around an Indian woman named Mary Lynn. She is married to a white man, Jeremiah, and they are blessed with three children. Due to conflicting cultures, she finds herself at a cross-road since she cannot find her own identity (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Her husband is such a racist man who even extends his hatred of other ethnic groups onto his own sons. He only loves his daughter who looks more like him. In addition, he does not just associate with all the whites, but with a subset of people, most of them being educated and affluent whites. He, however, successfully manages to get rid of some social burdens in one way or the other. Lynn spent most of her free time listening to Indian songs. This means that she could not let her culture go off her. Jeremiah believes that his wife can be fully assimilated into the white culture, if only she changes her behaviors and attitudes (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Ethnic Hierarchy  The a ncient American society categorized ethnic groups into different levels and classes. There was the predominant group, the whites, who are perceived as superior to other ethnic groups. The whites claimed that other ethnic groups were unfit and unready to acquire equal rights and full citizenship (Frederickson 633). Frederick’s hierarchical model can be traced back to the colonial period when blacks were enslaved and Indians were conquered. From Alexie’s assimilation story, it is obvious that all the problems that existed.... Lynn spent most of her free time listening to Indian songs. This means that she could not let her culture go off her. Jeremiah believes that his wife can be fully assimilated into the white culture, if only she changes her behaviors and attitudes (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Ethnic Hierarchy The ancient American society categorized ethnic groups into different levels and classes. There was the predominant group, the whites, who are perceived as superior to other ethnic groups. The whites claimed that other ethnic groups were unfit and unready to acquire equal rights and full citizenship (Frederickson 633). Frederick’s hierarchical model can be traced back to the colonial period when blacks were enslaved and Indians were conquered. From Alexie’s assimilation story, it is obvious that all the problems that existed between Jeremiah and Lynn were triggered by their cultural and religious differences. None of them was willing to abandon his or her culture and adopt other p eople’s culture. This is the reason why Lynn cheated on her husband with a fellow Indian man (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). In the early 20th century, Americans of English ancestry, the dominant group, were not simply whites but Anglo-Saxon White Protestants. Mary Lynn found it difficult to accept and adopt Anglo-Saxon’s culture her husband belongs to; because she believes she does not qualify to join the dominant group. Jeremiah, on the other hand, believes that her wife can get fully assimilated into their culture if she changes her behaviors (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). In the contemporary American society, the presence of socially deprived, physically unsafe and improvised barrios, ghettos and Indian reservations, indicate that